I have a regular search running for articles about Theory of Constraints. Often they are side mentions about an executive’s favorite book (The Goal) or that a company has used TOC. Usually they don’t provide a lot of detail, unfortunately from my perspective.
So, how about an article that tries to apply it to the arena of hockey? A post on a New Jersey Devils blog, Outside the Box Thinking: The Theory of Constraints & The Devils by John Fischer, describes the Five Focusing Steps and then applies them in a couple scenarios - one on the ice and another in scouting / recruiting.
Several people in the comments make it clear that one must clearly define the problem before going about applying any improvement approach. That is a challenge for a lot of people: either they go about “fixing” every little challenge, whack-a-mole style. Or they take their favorite solution (hammer) and apply it everywhere. In either case, the organization (or team) is not likely to get significantly better.